Material culture includes which?

• A. Physical objects such as machines, books, clothing, artifacts, money
• B. Beliefs and values
• C. Languages and norms
• D. Rituals and ceremonies

Answer: (A)

Material culture is the tangible side of a culture—the physical objects created or used by people that carry meaning and reflect technology, economy, and social life. This includes machines, books, clothing, artifacts, and money, all of which you can touch and handle and that show how a society organizes itself and what it values.

The other ideas describe non-material culture: beliefs and values are ideas about what is important; languages and norms are the ways people communicate and behave; rituals and ceremonies are practices that express shared meanings. These are not physical objects themselves, even though rituals might involve objects. So the best choice is the one that lists physical items.