Which term refers to a socialized effort to change society through collective action?

• A. Fashion
• B. Expressive movements
• C. Reform
• D. Social movements

Answer: (D)

A sustained, organized push by a broad group to reshape society through coordinated action. Social movements bring people together, create a shared identity, and mobilize resources to push for changes in laws, institutions, or social norms. They use tactics like protests, campaigns, lobbying, and advocacy to achieve broad, systemic change, often outside or challenging existing power structures. This distinguishes them from fashion, which is about clothing trends; expressive movements, which focus on identity and personal or cultural expression without necessarily aiming for wide structural change; and reform, which seeks changes within existing political and legal systems rather than mobilizing broad, collective action to transform society.