Which term refers to beliefs, values, norms, and symbols that are not physical?

• A. Physical environment
• B. Nonmaterial culture
• C. Technology
• D. Modernization

Answer: (B)

Nonmaterial culture refers to beliefs, values, norms, and symbols that are not physical. It captures the intangible ideas and meanings that people share and uphold, shaping how they think, what they consider important, how they behave, and how they interpret signs and rituals. These elements exist as ideas, rules, and shared understandings rather than as tangible objects, which is why this term best fits the description. In contrast, material culture includes physical items like buildings, tools, and clothing, and terms like technology or modernization point to particular kinds of material aspects or social change, not the entire set of intangible beliefs and meanings.