Which theoretical perspective argues that inequality is not only required for the functioning of society but is also inevitable?

• A. Conflict
• B. Lenski's theory
• C. Theories
• D. Functionalist

Answer: (D)

In functionalist thinking, inequality is seen as having a purposeful role in how a society runs. The idea is that society relies on a structured division of labor, where some roles are more important or demanding than others. To ensure these key positions are filled, rewards such as higher pay, prestige, or status are distributed unequally. This differential reward system helps attract people to necessary but demanding jobs and motivates them to acquire the needed skills and training. Because societies vary in size and complexity, this division of labor and the resulting unequal rewards are viewed as both necessary for functioning and, in practice, inevitable as long as certain roles require scarce talents and specialized training.

This differs from the conflict perspective, which sees inequality as arising from power dynamics and exploitation rather than from a functional need of the system. Lenski’s view ties inequality to technological development and changing subsistence patterns rather than to its necessity for social order. The vague option isn’t specific enough to capture the idea being tested.