Which theory argues that real societies are not as stable as the functionalists imply and cannot account for many kinds of changes?

• A. Conflict theory
• B. Functionalist theory
• C. Sociocultural Evolution theory
• D. Auguste Comte

Answer: (A)

Different theories offer different pictures of how society holds together and changes. Functionalists see society as an integrated system where institutions work together to maintain stability and balance. But real societies often revolve around power struggles, unequal resources, and competing interests. Conflicts between groups—like classes, races, or genders—drive changes in laws, practices, and structures because those in power resist shifts that threaten their position. This view explains social upheavals, reforms, and ruptures that a strictly stable model can’t easily account for.

That makes conflict theory the best fit for the statement: it argues that societies are not as stable as functionalists suggest and that many kinds of change arise from ongoing conflicts and power imbalances.