Which type is defined by capturing, breeding, and taming animals as a food source?

• A. Hunting and Gathering
• B. Horticultural Societies
• C. Pastoral Societies
• D. Agrarian Societies

Answer: (C)

Pastoral societies are defined by subsistence that centers on domesticated animals. The key idea is capture, breeding, and taming animals to provide food and other resources, such as meat, milk, and hides. Herding often involves seasonal movement to access good pastures, and the economy revolves around these animals rather than wild hunting or crop farming.

This distinguishes pastoralism from hunting and gathering, which relies on wild foods with no domesticated animals; from horticultural societies, which focus on small-scale plant cultivation using simple tools; and from agrarian societies, which emphasize large-scale crop farming and settled communities. The emphasis on raising and using domesticated animals as the primary food source makes pastoralism the best fit.